Logo
Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
ISSN: 2299-3711 (Print)
e-ISSN: 2300-5505 (Online)
Menu
Silent Culprit: Young Stroke Unmasking Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy
Dr. Prahadheeswar
,  
Deebak Raaj
,  
Rajarajeswaran
Show More
Full Text
PDF
Abstract
Background: Stroke in young adults is an uncommon but devastating event that warrants investigation for rare etiologies beyond traditional vascular risk factors. Among these, Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy (LVNC), a rare congenital myocardial disorder, is an underrecognized source of cardioembolic stroke. LVNC is characterized by prominent ventricular trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses that predispose to stasis, thrombus formation, and systemic embolism. This case highlights the presentation of LVNC unmasked by an acute ischemic stroke in a previously healthy young woman. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old female presented with sudden onset of left-sided weakness, facial deviation, and slurred speech for 30 minutes. She was hemodynamically stable and had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 12, indicating a moderate stroke. Non-contrast CT brain showed no hemorrhage with an ASPECTS score of 9, making her eligible for thrombolysis. She received intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) within 2 hours of onset, leading to rapid neurological improvement (NIHSS 2 at 24 hours). Subsequent imaging ruled out hemorrhagic transformation. Further evaluation revealed T-wave inversions on ECG, and echocardiography demonstrated left ventricular hyper-trabeculation with ejection fraction (EF) of 40%. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) confirmed LVNC with apical aneurysm, fulfilling the Petersen criterion (non-compacted to compacted ratio >2.3). Thrombophilia and autoimmune profiles were negative. She was discharged on oral anticoagulation (warfarin, target INR 2-3) and heart-failure therapy, achieving full functional recovery (modified Rankin Scale = 1) at 3-month follow-up. Discussion: This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in young stroke. LVNC often remains asymptomatic until an embolic event reveals the underlying pathology. The deep trabecular recesses and apical aneurysm act as potential sources for thrombus formation, even in the absence of arrhythmias or overt cardiac dysfunction. Our patient represents the ideal clinical sequence-timely thrombolysis, comprehensive etiologic evaluation, and targeted management-resulting in excellent neurological and cardiac outcomes. The case reinforces the value of NIHSS and ASPECTS scoring in acute decision-making and highlights the need to include cardiac imaging (Echocardiography and CMR) in the etiological evaluation of stroke in young adults without conventional risk factors. Literature suggests that stroke is often the first manifestation of LVNC, and delayed diagnosis increases recurrence risk. The present case supports these findings and emphasizes the effectiveness of anticoagulation in secondary prevention. Conclusion: Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy is a rare but clinically important cause of embolic stroke in the young. Early recognition through multimodal cardiac imaging is essential for guiding anticoagulation and preventing recurrence. This case exemplifies how structured acute stroke management combined with thorough etiological evaluation can uncover rare cardiomyopathies and significantly improve outcomes. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for LVNC in cryptogenic or cardioembolic strokes in young adults to ensure early diagnosis and timely intervention.
Keywords
Young stroke, Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, Cardioembolic stroke, Thrombolysis, Anticoagulation.
Journal Help
User
Username:
Password:
Remember
Keywords
Classification of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases anticoagulation atrial fibrillation atrial septal defect cardiomyopathy computed tomography congenital heart disease echocardiography electrocardiogram electrocardiography heart failure implantable cardioverter‑defibrillator magnetic resonance imaging pregnancy pulmonary arterial hypertension pulmonary hypertension rare cardiovascular disease rare disease right heart catheterization right ventricular failure
Journal Content
Search:
Browse
Instruction for authors
pdf
Submit an article
pdf
Logo
Copyright © Copyright © 2025 Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases