Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
ISSN: 2299-3711 (Print)
e-ISSN: 2300-5505 (Online)
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Is a Food lover in Punjab at a higher risk for developing heart disease?
Satwat Saleem
Fasiha Bajwa
Javeria Zafar
Shanza Noor
Maryam Siddiqa
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1
Conceived the study concept, designed the research framework, and wrote the complete manuscript. Led the data interpretation, analysis, and final editing of the paper Student Rai Medical College Sargodha
2
Contributed to writing the Introduction section. Assisted in sample collection and helped compile references.Rai Medical college Sargodha
3
Assisted in data collection, contributed to designing and preparing data collection forms, and helped compile references.Niazi Medical College Sargodha
4
Contributed to the study framework, performed sample size calculations, and applied chi-square analysis. She also helped structure the manuscript to
5
ensure clarity and presentation quality.COMSATS University Islamabad preparing data collection forms, and helped compile references Raimedical college Sargodha
Received: 2025-12-19
Revised: 2026-01-04
Accepted: 2026-01-19
Published: 2025-01-30
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Abstract
Objective In Pakistan the highest prevalence of heart disease is in the province of Punjab. Our study aims to determine whether high consumption of Punjabi cuisine could be one of the causes.Settings and Design This study was conducted among different citizens of Punjab using cross sectional study design.Materials and Methods The study was conducted with sample size of 231 through random sampling method. Data was collected through online survey.
Inclusion criteria Citizens who consumed Punjabi food regularly
Exclusion criteria Citizens who did not consume Punjabi food regularly.
Results A significant association between those who consumed Punjabi food frequently on daily basis and diagnosis for cardiovascular disease was found. Conclusion Our study showed that Punjabi foodie is at a high risk for developing heart disease. Dietary guidelines and Lifestyle initiatives must be established to counter the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Punjab
Keywords
1-Heart disease 2-Punjabi Cuisine 3-Foodie 4-Consumption 5-Lifestyle changes 6-Prevalence 7- Punjab.
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Keywords
Classification of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
anticoagulation
atrial fibrillation
atrial septal defect
cardiomyopathy
computed tomography
congenital heart disease
echocardiography
electrocardiogram
electrocardiography
heart failure
implantable cardioverter‑defibrillator
magnetic resonance imaging
pregnancy
pulmonary arterial hypertension
pulmonary hypertension
rare cardiovascular disease
rare disease
right heart catheterization
right ventricular failure
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