Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
ISSN: 2299-3711 (Print)
e-ISSN: 2300-5505 (Online)
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Inhibitory Activity of Gallic Acid and Caffeic Acid from Honey on Plasma Membrane Protein RCh1P Of Candida Albicans
Arun Ganesh M K
Sathish Sankar
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1
Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai - 600 077. Tamil Nadu, India. Phone: +91-9941011800 Email: 152001083.sdc@saveetha.com
2
Sathish Sankar, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai – 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India. Phone: +91-9600690306 Email: sathish3107@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-9389-5231 Conflict of Interest: None to declare
Data Availability Statement: All the data generated are described in the manuscript. Manuscript category: Original Research
Received: 2025-08-10
Revised: 2025-08-27
Accepted: 2025-09-10
Published: 2025-09-24
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Abstract
Candidiasis incidence has increased, mostly due to the use of plastic permanent catheters, antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs. These Candida-derived infections may occur in the skin, mucous membranes and viscera, with the main etiological agent being Candida albicans. Gallic acid (GA), is a polyphenol acid compound and it is ubiquitous in fruits, vegetables, and herbal medicines, such as grapes, gallnuts, pomegranates, and tea leaves. The RCh1P protein was modelled using Swiss-Model online server program. Phytochemicals identified from honey namely, caffeic acid and gallic acid, were selected for the study. Molecular docking was carried out using Hex Protein Docking server. The structures were viewed, and analysed for polar hydrogen atoms, and identification of binding residues was carried out using PyMOL program ver. 2.4.0. Interaction of the drug including gene expression, possible adverse effects and side effects were predicted using pass online web server. The physiochemical properties, lipophilicity, water solubility, pharmacokinetics and drug-likeliness were assessed using SwissADME online sever program. The highly negative E-total scores as a result of molecular docking of Gallic acid and caffeic acid with RCh1P plasma membrane protein of Candida species, demonstrates the inhibitory activity of the phytochemicals on the growth of the fungus. This study indicates that the effect of Gallic acid and Caffeic acid on plasma membrane protein RCh1P is inhibitory.
Keywords
Caffeic acid, Candidiasis, Gallic acid, Honey, Molecular docking, Phytochemicals.
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Keywords
Classification of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
anticoagulation
atrial fibrillation
atrial septal defect
cardiomyopathy
computed tomography
congenital heart disease
echocardiography
electrocardiogram
electrocardiography
heart failure
implantable cardioverter‑defibrillator
magnetic resonance imaging
pregnancy
pulmonary arterial hypertension
pulmonary hypertension
rare cardiovascular disease
rare disease
right heart catheterization
right ventricular failure
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