Background: Airborne dust pollution is a significant environmental health concern in arid and semi-arid regions. The city of Nukus is characterized by increased atmospheric dust load due to climatic and landscape-transformation factors. Objective: To evaluate the level of atmospheric particulate pollution and to assess the population's perception of environmental and behavioral risk factors contributing to dust-related morbidity. Methods: The study included a hygienic assessment of ambient air quality based on official 2023 monitoring data and a sociological survey of city residents using a structured questionnaire. Mean annual concentrations of priority pollutants were compared with established hygienic standards. Subjective risk perception was analyzed with weighting coefficients reflecting the contribution of each factor to dust-related health outcomes. Results: The mean annual concentration of suspended particles (0.20±0.008 mg/m³) exceeded the sanitary standard (0.075 mg/m³) by 2.67 times, indicating a stable and persistent dust load. Nitrogen oxides remained within permissible limits. Behavioral and lifestyle factors were identified as the leading contributors to perceived dust-related morbidity (86.3%; WC=25.9%), followed by ambient air pollution (82.5%; WC=24.8%) and indoor dust exposure (70.6%; WC=21.2%). Genetic predisposition demonstrated a comparatively lower impact (42.3%; WC=12.7%). Conclusion: Dust pollution of ambient air and associated indoor dust accumulation represent significant ecological and hygienic risk factors in Nukus. Lifestyle and behavioral patterns modify individual susceptibility to dust exposure and should be prioritized in preventive interventions.