Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
ISSN: 2299-3711 (Print)
e-ISSN: 2300-5505 (Online)
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High-Fat Diet-Induced Systemic Histopathological Changes in Adult Zebrafish: Implications for Oral Health and Nutrition
Snigdha Bharadwaz
Dr. Dinesh Kumar
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1
Undergraduate Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
2
Department of Paediatric dentistry,Saveetha Dental College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Received: 2025-08-11
Revised: 2025-08-22
Accepted: 2025-09-08
Published: 2025-09-26
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Abstract
- Background: Zebrafish is a superior vertebrate model to investigate particular genes and signaling pathways that or-chestrate kidney regeneration. For pre-screening purposes pharmaceutical companies use zebrafish. The kidney of zebrafish is similar to a mammalian kidney, it has nephrons, a glomerulus, proximal tubules, distal tubules, and collecting duct. Similarities of zebrafish kidney to that of mammalian organs is re-vealed by histological staining. Stains like H&E and PAS staining are used. The adult zebrafish kidney consists of arborized arrangements of nephrons that share common distal tube segments.AIM - The aim of the study is to analyze the histopathological and histochemical analysis of adult zebrafish kidneys.Materials and methods: 6 zebrafish samples were taken in which 4 were subjected to high fat and 2 were under control. These zebrafish were sacrificed and the kidney samples were fixed in 10 percent formalin. Routine H&E and IHC staining done.Result: In subjected high fat zebrafish changes like increased lipid deposition, increased inflammatory cells, dilatation in glomerular capillaries, degeneration in nephrons, tubular defects were seen.Conclusion: There was an enlargement of the kidney in the induced group when compared to the control groupEssential hypertension is a leading risk factor for cerebrovascular, renal and cardiovascular morbidity, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a key marker of adverse outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests vitamin D deficiency contributes to cardiac remodeling via modulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, calcium balance, and endothelial function. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D levels with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and its parameters in patients with essential hypertension. Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted on 100 patients with essential hypertension at MMIMSR, Ambala (January 2023–March 2025). Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Serum 25(OH)D was measured and classified as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20–30 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). Echocardiography was performed to assess LVMI, interventricular septal thickness (IVST), posterior wall thickness (PWD), and end-diastolic diameter (EDD). Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Chi-square, and Pearson’s correlation. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent (62%), with an additional 20% insufficient. Abnormal LVMI was found in 66% overall, with higher prevalence in the deficient group (71%) compared to insufficient (60%) and sufficient (55.6%), though not statistically significant (p = 0.391). Abnormal PWD was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (96.8% vs. 77.8%, p = 0.031). IVST and EDD showed no significant associations. Proteinuria was more frequent in deficient patients (p = 0.038), reflecting renal target organ damage. Conclusion: In India Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in general population, however it is significantly more among hypertensive patients and is associated with adverse echocardiographic changes, particularly posterior wall thickening. While LVMI and IVST trends indicated higher values in deficient groups, statistical significance was not reached. These findings highlight vitamin D as a potentially modifiable factor in reducing hypertensive target organ damage and cardiovascular risk
Keywords
Histopathological, histochemical, zebrafish kidney
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Keywords
Classification of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
anticoagulation
atrial fibrillation
atrial septal defect
cardiomyopathy
computed tomography
congenital heart disease
echocardiography
electrocardiogram
electrocardiography
heart failure
implantable cardioverter‑defibrillator
magnetic resonance imaging
pregnancy
pulmonary arterial hypertension
pulmonary hypertension
rare cardiovascular disease
rare disease
right heart catheterization
right ventricular failure
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