The present study reports the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of etoposide-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41–ETP NPs) as a potential nanocarrier system for targeted lung cancer therapy. Mesoporous silica was synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silica source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a templating agent under basic conditions, followed by surfactant removal through acid extraction. The optimized formulation (MCM-NPs-C) exhibited a high surface area (720 ± 1.9 m²/g), uniform morphology, and ordered pore structure, confirmed by FT-IR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Etoposide was successfully loaded into MCM-NPs via adsorption from ethanol, achieving efficient drug encapsulation without altering its structural integrity. In vitro drug release studies using phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) demonstrated a sustained and controlled release profile over 24 hours, while ex vivo hemolysis assays confirmed excellent biocompatibility with minimal red blood cell damage. Protein binding analysis further indicated moderate interaction with serum albumin, suggesting prolonged systemic circulation and improved bioavailability. Overall, the developed MCM-41–ETP nanocarrier system provides a promising platform for site-specific, controlled, and low-toxicity delivery of etoposide in lung cancer therapy.