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Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
ISSN: 2299-3711 (Print)
e-ISSN: 2300-5505 (Online)
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Adaptive Cross-Attention Fusion of Spatial–Frequency Features with Hierarchical Transformers for Cervical Cancer Classification
N. Chamundeeswari
,  
R. Ramachandran
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Abstract
Cervical cancer is a global health issue that requires precise and timely detection techniques to enable efficient clinical decision-making. In this paper, we introduce a new deep learning paradigm for classification of cervical cancer image into six classes based on spatial and frequency-domain features. The input images are first improved using preprocessing operations like CLAHE, normalization, resizing, augmentation, and balancing. In addition, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to obtain frequency sub-bands that supplement the information in the spatial domain. Next, a dual-stream convolutional neural network (CNN) is used for extracting structural and textural features that are combined through an adaptive cross-attention block with learnable fusion weights. This allows for dynamic representation of spatial-frequency dependencies. The combined representation is then subjected to further refinement via a hierarchical transformer encoder, which is intended to learn local cellular patterns and global tissue-level dependencies. Lastly, a dense classification head with dropout predicts the stage of cervical cancer. The model is trained with an 80:20 train-test split, optimized with AdamW, and a composite loss function consisting of cross-entropy, focal loss, and attention consistency loss. Experimental outcomes prove that the proposed approach performs better accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC than traditional baselines. Also, interpretability is guaranteed through Grad-CAM visualization for CNN streams, providing improved clinical explainability. This framework offers a robust and interpretable method for automatic cervical cancer diagnosis.
Keywords
Cervical Cancer Classification, Dual-Stream CNN, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Adaptive Cross-Attention Fusion, Hierarchical Transformer Encoder, Explainable Deep Learning, Attention Consistency Loss, Spatial-Frequency Feature Fusion.
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Keywords
Classification of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases anticoagulation atrial fibrillation atrial septal defect cardiomyopathy computed tomography congenital heart disease echocardiography electrocardiogram electrocardiography heart failure implantable cardioverter‑defibrillator magnetic resonance imaging pregnancy pulmonary arterial hypertension pulmonary hypertension rare cardiovascular disease rare disease right heart catheterization right ventricular failure
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