A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Lower Extremity Mechanics Using Gait-On Comparing Normal and Flat Foot Individuals
1
Debajyoti Ghosh, Bachelor of Physiotherapy, Final year, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Rd, near Jagadighata Market, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, Pincode-700125
2
Dibyadarshini Das, Assistant Professor, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Rd, near Jagadighata Market, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal- 700125 -
3
Kundan Das Ukil, Assistant Professor, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Rd, near Jagadighata Market, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, Pincode-700125
Received: 2025-09-24
Revised: 2025-10-07
Accepted: 2025-10-21
Published: 2025-11-05
Background: Flat foot is a dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon and spring ligament which cause excessive pronation of foot, resulting reduce shock absorption. Objective: This study determines the lower extremity mechanics of normal and flat foot adults by using Gait On software application. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 32 undergraduate students aged 18–25 from Brainware University. Participants will be screened using the Chippaux- Smirak Index (CSI) to classify foot posture. Gait was analyzed using video capture and software-based analysis. Comparisons were made between flat-footed and normal-footed individuals across gait parameters. Result: ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) across all stance phase subphases between flat feet and normal feet groups. Mann-Whitney U test showed significant CSI score differences (p < 0.00001). Flat feet individuals demonstrated strong correlations between CSI scores and terminal swing (r = 0.70) and pre-swing phases (r = 0.60), with negative mid-stance correlations (r = -0.59). Normal feet individuals showed weaker correlations across all phases. Conclusion: Flat feet individuals exhibit significant biomechanical alterations throughout stance phases with severity-dependent gait changes. Structural foot abnormalities create systematic compensatory movement patterns affecting the lower kinetic chain. Results support comprehensive gait assessment needs and early intervention strategies for flat feet populations.
Flat foot, CSI score, Gait analysis, lower extremity kinetic chain, pelvic drop.