Cardiomyopathies encompass a diverse group of myocardial disorders that often result in structural and functional abnormalities of the heart. These conditions significantly contribute to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, posing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems. Advances in diagnostic tools, pharmacological treatments, device-based therapies, and novel approaches such as gene therapy have transformed the management of cardiomyopathies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the classification, diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies, with a focus on hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies. The integration of precision medicine and multidisciplinary care models is highlighted as critical for improving outcomes in patients with these complex conditions.